To What Extent Was the Advent of Renaissance Architecture in Britain a Essay

How much Was the Advent of Renaissance Architecture in Britain a Result of the Stuart Court and Monarchy - Essay Example The renaissance occurred at various occasions in various pieces of the world. At whatever point Renaissance is referenced, it must be recollected that it has to do with the cognizant restoration of specific parts of the way of life of antiquated Greek and old Roman social orders. As far as time span and request of event, renaissance design came after Gothic writing. A portion of the distinctive highlights of renaissance design (like old style engineering) incorporate accuracy of estimation and extent and balance. Every one of these highlights likewise occurred during the British Renaissance. Renaissance got to Britain during the rule of Elizabeth I. Its coming in Britain can be said to have been impacted by Stuart courts and Monarchy. One must not anyway neglect to understand that in spite of the fact that renaissance Britain was the resurrection of traditional culture, the motivations behind the engineering impossible to miss to them two are for various reasons. One of the most esse ntial characteristics of the Stuart government is that they brought to Britain, during their rule, impacts from all over Europe and even impacts from outside Europe. The ramifications of this is, the point at which one needs to think about their impact on British Architecture, it implies by implication that one is to think about the impact of different societies on British Architecture. At the point when the Stuarts were administering Britain, the nation turned into a conduit for the structural plans that were begun in different pieces of the world. In fact, renaissance was not to the British. The resurrection that occurred in Britain was just the immediate result of the occasions that had occurred and happened before in Italy and France. In any case, if there was never the Greek or Roman human advancement, there could never have been in any way similar to Renaissance in any piece of the world, let alone in Britain. 1 The quintessence of the sum total of what that has been previousl y mentioned is that if the Stuarts rulers had not been so inviting to human expressions or in the event that they had not invited the structural plans from different pieces of the world, the idea of renaissance Britain might not have been conceivable in the primary occasion. 3 Some of the impacts that the Stuarts took on incorporate those from the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy. At that point, the impact of different climes was such a great amount of that in a solitary structure the structure plans of beyond what one nation can be consolidated. For instance, the structure of the French and the Italians might be joined in the British Renaissance Architecture configuration style and this is because of the way that the Stuarts really consolidated the plans of the French and the Italians in embellishment the British Renaissance Architecture into what it became. The impact of the Stuart government might be supposed to be generally famous during the Elizabethan time frame which de noted the start of Renaissance in Britain. The round curve which was one of the ensigns of the engineering that rose during the rule of the Stuart government likewise reemerged during the Elizabethan period.1 Yet it doesn't discredit the way that the Elizabethan period itself had highlights that were self-created. One of the highlights of the design of the Elizabethans that shows that not all the building structures of the period were an immediate impact of the Stuart government is the way that most windows and entryways during the period were round-headed. Then again, as it was during

11 Unethical Interview Questions You Dont Need to Answer

11 Unethical Interview Questions You Dont Need to Answer Indeed, it’s a meeting and you’re attempting your best to be an accommodating person. In any case, that doesn’t mean letting somebody ask you data that’s beyond reach. Some of the time â€Å"innocent† inquiries regarding your diversions and your children can justâ feel like casual banter, yet are subtly a snare to get you to uncover data that could influence your odds. Asking certain things altogether can be viewed as segregation and is unequivocally not permitted by government regulation.Be cautious for the accompanying 11â unethical interviewâ questions and have a turn answer prepared. The best general guideline? On the off chance that there’s an inquiry that doesn’t appear to be applicable to your obligations or execution or how well you’d fit into the organization or job, avoid it.1. â€Å"What does your better half/spouse do?†Some states effectively restrict separation on the grounds of conjugal status. These so rts of inquiries are normally posed so as to victimize ladies, who may get pregnant or have kid care worries that solitary applicants wouldn’t. Abstain from noting whatever appears to evaluate whether you have a life partner at all.2. â€Å"Are you pregnant?†First of all, it’s discourteous to inquire. Second, allude to the abovementioned. Any inquiry of your children, your arrangement to in the end have children, or your childcare schedules are to be maintained a strategic distance from for the equivalent reasons.3. â€Å"Do you have an incapacity that may meddle with your activity performance?†(Or anything about a handicap or an example of ailment, for example days off, workers’ comp claims, psychological well-being issues, and so forth.) These might appear substantial inquiries, however it is unlawful to pose any inquiries which would uncover the presence of an inability before the bid for employment is made.4. â€Å"Have you at any point been a rrested?†Again, a few states expressly forbid this. Furthermore, at times, questions like these are utilized to victimize minority applicants which is far and away more terrible than simply oppressing criminals, and really illegal.5. â€Å"What year did you graduate?†This is a tricky method of making sense of your age. What's more, age segregation is certifiably not something to be thankful for. It’s been governmentally restricted since 1967 (at any rate as applied to individuals beyond 40 years old). Main concern: you don’t ever need to uncover your age.6. â€Å"Are you in a union?†You reserve a privilege to join an association and it isn't alright to attempt to restrict you from doing as such. Try not to be interrogated regarding your organization enrollment or goal to get one, so don’t answer any inquiries that could give that data out.7. â€Å"Would you take a hereditary test?†It is absolutely unlawful to approach you for hereditar y data, starting at 2008. It is likewise illicit to get some information about your relatives. You are not at all required to step through any examination or give your potential manager any data about your genes.8. â€Å"Where is your name from?†These questions are planned for making sense of your ethnic foundation. Different inquiries like this are â€Å"What different dialects do you speak?† or â€Å"What was your first language?† Racial segregation is to be disliked. Don’t be a gathering to it.9.â€Å"Where do you worship?†Or: â€Å"What days do you worship?† This may be proof of your boss attempting to make sense of what your confidence is. They may be authentically inquisitive on an individual level, yet you are not required to-nor should you-say. It could be a likely methods for strict segregation and illicit as indicated by the Civil Rights Act.10. â€Å"Will you take a polygraph?†Most bosses are governmentally not permitted to request that you take a falsehood locator test as a state of work or to be terminated, not recruited, or restrained for won't. You can thank the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 for this.11. â€Å"What do you presently make?†There’s another equivalent compensation law in Massachusetts that makes asking this illicit. Be that as it may, you’re not required to answer it anyplace else either! Have a go at rotating rather with a line like, â€Å"I’d want to talk about cash somewhat later; at the present time I’m simply keen on whether this is a solid match for the two of us. I’m sure we’re on the equivalent page.†

Eco architecture and culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Eco design and culture - Dissertation Example 11 3.5 What was the social impact on those networks that decided not to live over the ground? 12 3.6 Why are a few societies despite everything headed to living underground? 13 3.7 What are the principle kinds of underground homes? 13 3.8 Why are underground homes still well known in specific nations and civilisations? 15 3.9 What is the cutting edge fascination in making underground homes in the created world? 17 3.10 How has current innovation impacted our impression of underground homes? 18 3.11 How has advanced reasoning impacted our impression of underground homes? 19 3.12 How do cutting edge underground homes contrast and the first? 20 3.13 How do advanced underground homes impact cutting edge social turn of events? 20 3.14 The social impact of an unnatural weather change 21 3.15 Underground homes and eco design. Contrasts and similitudes 21 3.16 What is the route forward? 22 3.17 How today social improvement impacts living underground? 22 4. Conversation on writing 23 5. End 2 3 6. Proposals 24 Bibliography 25 Critical Bibliography 26 Abstract The arrival of living underground, as a social wonder, can be described rather true to form. The consistent increment of populace in urban communities would have ordinarily such result, either in the short or the long haul. Simultaneously, the impediment of vitality sources worldwide has advanced another pattern: the arrangement of engineering with the guidelines of supportability. In fact, the most recent decade, eco †design, as this pattern is known, has quickly extended overall firmly influencing the social, financial and social system of every nation. The impacts of eco-engineering on culture are examined in this investigation. Accentuation is given on a specific part of eco-engineering: underground living. This is on the grounds that underground homes have gotten famous, offering a powerful option for the individuals who are keen on advancing manageability. It is demonstrated that eco-design can interface with culture yet under specific terms. Also, the connection between eco-design and culture isn't normalized; it very well may be solid or frail, contingent upon the level at which eco-draftsmen are allowed to advance compositional undertakings which can profoundly influence the social qualities of a specific district. 1. Review 1.1 Research Objectives The goals of this investigation could be portrayed as follows: a) to distinguish the key attributes of eco-engineering, b) to check whether eco-design can communicate with culture and at which level; C) to recognize the purposes behind which individuals had at first decided to live underground yet additionally the explanations behind which they chose to move to structures over the ground; d) to look at the nature of underground homes, when contrasted with traditional homes; e) to check whether present day thinking can influence the perspectives on individuals as to eco-engineering and living underground and f) to assess, as could reaso nably be expected, the development of underground homes, as a pattern, later on. 1.2 Value of the theme Living underground has been a typical practice in the early long periods of mankind's history. All things considered, the fast improvement of innovation and the adjustments in the structure and the standards of social orders have prompted the requirement for various types of living. Moving over the ground has been a basic point for the historical backdrop of people. It appears that the above change has been exceptionally advanced by culture. For comparable reasons, an alternate pattern has as of late showed up: living undergroun

I Love My Country Essay

I love my nation. I am glad to be a Canadian. We live in a wonderful land; we have sufficient normal assets; we have a long quiet history; we are a genuinely multicultural country; we have made significant commitments to the headway of society; and we are, with everything taken into account, an extraordinary people. Canada is the second biggest land mass on earth †and what an excellent nation it is! Encircled by three seas, it has a mind boggling assortment of scene. From the huge, unadulterated, cold north, to the stunning Rocky Mountains, to the prairies, through the rough Canadian Shield, the rich farmlands of southern Ontario and Quã ©bec, to the beautiful Maritime Provinces, Canada is astounding. Every district has its own magnificence. Our urban areas are loaded up with energizing activities; our humble communities are inviting and rich with history; our farmlands are copious and quiet. In my southern Ontario home, I can appreciate four excellent seasons and, inside minimal over 60 minutes, I can be encountering the country’s biggest city, resting along the shores of the Great Lakes, or climbing through wild path. I can't envision anyplace else on earth with such excellence and assorted variety. Our astounding scene additionally furnishes us with numerous regular assets, which we have figured out how to reap. Hydro influence from Niagara Falls, plentiful timberlands and fish stocks, ripe farmland, rich oil fields †the rundown is long. We have all that anyone could need to support ourselves and, en route, we have plentiful chances to help the remainder of the world. Our riches gives us such a significant number of focal points and, I think, uncommon obligation in the â€Å"global village.† Something about Canada which makes me most glad is our quiet history. Unquestionably, we have been engaged with wars and, when vital, (for example, in World War II), Canadian warriors had a significant effect. Yet, the Canadian attitude is situated towards harmony. Our soldiers are harmony attendants, not aggressors. Our senses are to determine our issues through exchanges, not carnage. Both in our associations with different nations and in our inside issues, we will in general stay away from savagery. Indeed, even in our most troublesome divisions â€around the treatment of local people groups and in the Quã ©bec dissident inquiries â€violence is uncommon. It happens; there are consistently individuals who will be extraordinary. In any case, we have never had any hard and fast wars, and I question that we ever will. Our mentality towards harmony likewise adds to our relative security. Obviously, there are occurrences of savagery in Canada. The Montrã ©al slaughter of 11 years back and ongoing scenes of school brutality come promptly to mind. Be that as it may, both our laws and our aggregate reasonableness makes us more averse to encounter savagery. We don’t need to stress over being shot when we stroll outside our entryways. In an undeniably vicious world, we can in any case have a sense of security and secure in our homes. I am especially appreciative for Canada’s assorted variety. Canada genuinely is a multicultural country. In Canada, individuals of various hues, races and religions live respectively. We don’t have neighborhoods which are characterized as â€Å"white† or â€Å"black†. We gain from each other and, as I would like to think, our lives are more extravagant for the chance to partake in such differed encounters. The world is likewise extraordinarily improved by the commitments of Canadians. A Canadian group, drove by Drs. Banting and Best, found insulin. Another Canadian, Joe Naismith, made the sport of b-ball. Canadians designed the mechanical arm which is utilized on space transport missions. Also, maybe above all to all youngsters, one Canadian, Alexander Graham Bell, upset correspondence with the creation of the phone! Canadians have, too, had an immense nearness on the world stage. From representatives, for example, Lester Pearson to performers, for example, Celine Dion, the world has come to know and love Canadians. Be that as it may, it’s not simply the celebrated who make Canada exceptional. Wherever I go in this nation, I meet superb, inviting individuals. At the point when I read crafted by Canadian writers, watch Canadian TV, read Canadian magazines, I know exactly how uncommon our nation is. Canada is my home, and I need it to remain how it is. I love this nation and, at this troublesome time, I am depending on those in powers in this nation †the legislators and the grown-ups who choose them †to accept that Canada merits sparing, and to work to spare it.

The Handwritten Note

The Handwritten Note The Handwritten Note The Handwritten Note By Maeve Maddox As government funded school locale drop guidance in cursive penmanship, and youthful bloggers reflect with awe that â€Å"there was where [sic] pretty much everything was handwritten,† it’s simple to accept that nobody younger than 105 would fantasy about sending a written by hand note to a companion, partner, or customer. Don’t you trust it. A long way from having a place with the simple past, the manually written note has discovered a spot in the innovative universe of business. Forbes, the Huffington Post, and The Wall Street Journal, just as lesser distributions and business locales, include articles on the estimation of the manually written note. In when individuals are deluged with messages and garbage mail, the transcribed note stands apart like a raven in the day off. In the business world, standing apart is acceptable. Business advisors and CEOs don’t just prescribe the utilization of manually written notes to planned customers; some require it. In an article at Forbes, Jessica Kleiman specifies an associate who requires his business staff to turn in copies of the cards to say thanks that they send during the week; he needs to know they aren’t depending on email alone. She likewise refers to a magazine manager who won’t enlist an occupation candidate who doesn’t send â€Å"a genuine note† following the meeting, â€Å"no matter how amazing they were in person.† Manually written notes are acceptable business, yet great human relations, little candles sparkling in a wicked world. In an undeniably unoriginal world wherein phones are replied by robots, and the mail brings heaps of reflexive garbage, a manually written note says, â€Å"Hello, I know you’re there; I like and regard you enough to set aside some effort to tell you that you matter.† John Coleman says that piece of what makes a transcribed note so significant is that it costs more than advanced correspondence: [Unlike email] manually written notes are surprising. They take minutes (or hours) to draft, each word painstakingly picked with no â€Å"undo† or â€Å"autocorrect† to count on. Drafting one includes choosing writing material, paying for stamps, and visiting a letter drop. They show venture, and that very expense demonstrates esteem. In the event that, as the U.S. Postal Service notes, we just get a manually written letter once at regular intervals, every one of those letters likely methods more to us than the â€Å"cheaper† correspondence we get every day. â€Harvard Business Review Here and there individuals are so surprised to get a transcribed note they send a card to say thanks in answer. The event of a written by hand note can even be newsworthy: [John F. McKeon, a New Jersey assemblyman,] was amazed to get a manually written note from Mr. Christie, disclosing to him that he had heard the remarks, and that he didn’t like them. [President Obama] has sent a manually written note to one workmanship student of history saying 'sorry' for his â€Å"off-the-sleeve remarks,† which he said were planned as an editorial available, not the estimation of craftsmanship history. Most likely about itâ€handwritten notes get consideration. Next time you’re in the workplace flexibly store recharging your toner, you should include some quality notepaper and a pleasant pen to your request. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Business Writing classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†7 Patterns of Sentence StructureGrammatical Case in English

ESL Insights 8 English Writing Techniques You Probably Didnt Know

ESL Insights 8 English Writing Techniques You Probably Didnt Know If writing in English is a challenge for you, youre not alone. An article on the Oxford Royale Academys website, a leading international summer learning program in the UK, discusses the many reasons why English is a difficult language to learn and write. Among those reasons include:The large number of rules (and then exceptions to those rules!)Word orderWords that are pronounced differently than they are spelledHomophones (words that sound the same but are spelled different and have different meanings)Synonyms that arent interchangeableIdiomsRegional dialectsTraces of archaic English left over in the languageHowever, despite these challenges for English language learners, writing in English can be an exciting way to explore how words interact with each other through various literary devices, otherwise known as literary techniques. English language writers have been using these techniques for centuries to make their writing stand out and memorable for readers. In this article, we will explore some of the best English writing techniques to use to take your writing to the next level and move beyond the basics. The best part isâ€"whether you are just learning to write in English or have been writing for decades, these techniques will always enhance your writing and make it more enjoyable for audiences to read.1. Metaphor and SimileMetaphorical writing is the power of poets and should be a part of your daily writing practice if you want to enhance your English writing skills. A metaphor is a figure of speech that forms a comparison, whether implied or implicit, between two unrelated things. In other words, a metaphor draws a connection or resemblance between two different or contradictory things. A simile, by comparison, is a metaphorical expression that uses the words like or as.Lets look at a few examples:My brother is the black sheep of our family. Note that this metaphor draws a comparison between ones brother and a sheep (two ordinarily unconnected things) in o rder to be descriptive. A black sheep is considered less valuable than white sheep, so it stands out from the flock. Being compared to a black sheep shows that the writers brother was the odd one out in their family and likely looked down on or disenfranchised for some reason.Her smile is as bright as the sun. In this simile, a womans smile is being compared to the sun, and they are (obviously) two different things. However, through this simile, the writer is able to express a smile that is exceptionally bright and cheerful, even if it is exaggeration (or hyperbole, which is also another great English writing technique).2. HyperboleHyperbole is the deliberate use of exaggeration and claims that are not meant to be taken literally. Many times, an expression can contain both hyperbole and simile, such as the sentence used in the paragraphs above, Her smile is as bright as the sun. The reader understands that her smile was not literally the same as the sun but the hyperbole allows the writer to express emphasis in an engaging and creative way.3. Alliteration, Consonance and AssonanceAlliteration is the intentional repetition of consonants at the beginning of a series of words within a passage for auditory emphasis. Consonance is very similar to alliteration, except it is the repetition of consonant sounds within words (as opposed to the beginning of them). Conversely, assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words (as opposed to consonant sounds).These literary techniques are popular in genres like poetry and are great ways to bring attention to a particular part of a sentence through subtle or overt auditory emphasis. The human ear is attracted to repeated sounds and picks up on alliteration and assonance in such a way that makes ordinary writing more appealing. And its incredibly simple to do!4. ForeshadowingForeshadowing is a literary and writing technique in which a writer gives hints to his or her reader about events that will happen later in the s tory. This can be done subtly, through imagery, or more directly as a kind of all-knowing (omniscient) voice within the narration. For example, when a character walks into a room and sees a cut red rose dying on the windowsill, it could foreshadow something else or someone else that would soon die. Watching a sunrise could foreshadow the birth of a baby or the birth of a new understanding of life, while watching the sunset would foreshadow the end of a life or way of living.Foreshadowing requires a working knowledge of imagery and how it can be used in a story to give more depth to characters and situations.5. AllusionAllusion is when a writer references a person, place, thing or idea that has some sort of historical, cultural, or literary significance. For example, if a writer mentions that a character is a regular Einstein, the reader should be able to understand that the character is highly intelligent. Likewise, if the backyard of a home is described as a Garden of Eden, the rea der understands that it contains lush landscaping and potential fruit trees, like the Biblical Garden of Eden.The reason allusion is such a powerful English writing technique is its way of simplifying complex ideas into a few words, or even just one word. For example, a writer can use the word Quixotic to allude to the famous hero of Don Quixote, written by Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra and published in 1605. Quixote is an example of a character with overblown idealism, and the name is now synonymous with the pursuit of lofty ideals through unrealistic and over-the-top chivalry. Alluding to him, even briefly, suggests much about the authors philosophy and thematic elements of the writing. It deepens the writing to levels beyond reading the words at face value.6. ImageryImagery is the use of figurative language that appeals to our physical senses to represent ideas or objects. When you see the word imagery, you might at first only associate it with what can be seen (as in, a visual image). However, imagery is much more than thisâ€"it involves all five of the senses.When using imagery in your writing, you stir your readers interest by engaging their sensory experience. In providing details related to sights, sounds, smells, sensations and tastes, your writing can jog a readers memory or make a reader feel like he or she is in the same place youre writing about. This is the power of imagery and why you should make extensive use of it as an English writing technique.7. IronyIn English writing, irony is the use of words to express something other than, or the opposite of, the literal meaning. Think of it as the difference between appearance and reality. Here are a few examples of verbal irony (or irony that might be spoken in narration or dialogue):They get along like cats and dogs.That roast was as tender as leather.They enjoyed the show as much as a cat enjoys a bath.Irony can be situational, as well, such as when a car is photographed parked beneat h a no parking sign. Another example of situational irony might be when a groomsman writes an obituary (instead of a congratulatory speech) for a grooms wedding day reception.8. SarcasmIt makes sense that wed discuss sarcasm after discussing irony, because sarcasm is an extreme form of verbal irony (as opposed to situational irony). To help you understand a little more about sarcasm, lets look at the root definition of the word. LiteraryTerms.net puts it like this: Sarcasm comes from the Greek words sark meaning flesh, and asmos meaning to tear or rip. So it literally means ripping fleshâ€"a pretty bloody image for a type of speech that we use all the time!A final note on moderationAs with any great thing, moderation is a good rule to follow. Too much use of any of the English writing techniques weve discussed above can have the opposite effect from what you intended and actually lower the quality of your writing. You should also avoid overcrowding your writing with figurative langu age, metaphorical expressions and auditory emphasis unless you are writing poetry or some other kind of highly stylized form. Rememberâ€"with these techniques, a little goes a long way in strengthening your writing.

Private Student Loans Become a Viable Option

Last year, more than two-thirds of federal student loans were distributed by private financial institutions, says Kevin Walker, co-founder and CEO of Boston-based SimpleTuition Inc., which provides college loan comparisons and college financial advice. It's not the case anymore. Thanks to the recently passed Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, the U.S. Department of Education has offered all new federal students loans since July 1, 2010. Private financial institutions no longer offer any federally backed student loans, but they are certainly offering their own private student loans. To compete with the federal government loans, these private student loans are becoming more attractive than ever. "Under (the new) process known as direct lending, students apply for federal loans directly from the government," says P.K. Parekh, director and general manager of Discover Student Loans, the student lending arm of Discover Bank in Salt Lake City. "While this change was not a surprise to us, it is a significant adjustment for schools and students, and we are supporting them as they make the transition." Reversing private companies' retreat As the credit crisis took hold over the past couple of years and more banks and private lenders understood that private involvement in federal student loans would come to an end, a number of private financial institutions exited the marketplace, Walker says. However, now many lenders are back in the game and offering private student loans that are worth a look. "The trend has reversed with a handful of new and returning lenders offering private student loans for the 2011 academic year, bringing the total number of nationally available lenders to the low teens," Walker says. "In addition, there are a number of credit union, small bank and state-based loan programs available." Private student loans with benefits Not only are private student loans available, but lenders are beginning to bring back "borrower benefits" -- the incentives offered to borrowers to distinguish one loan from another, Walker says. Some of these benefits include interest rate reductions for auto-debit of payments or a certain number of on-time payments. Some companies also reduce the debt as a reward for graduation while others save students money by allowing them to make small interest payments while still in school. In addition to offering borrower benefits, private student loan providers are starting to offer more flexibility and customization in repayment and terms, Walker says. "For example, look for lenders to offer a choice of fixed or variable rates and possibly different terms when a student elects to make in-school payments of interest or principal," he says. According to a recent survey conducted by SimpleTuition, students and parents can expect some of the following deals from private lenders: Lower rates among the top five lenders, including a drop of as much as 2 percentage points at one of the largest lenders. Seven lenders not charging origination fees. The return of -- and increases in -- borrower benefits, including discounts for automated payments. Shorter repayment term options, which can potentially save students thousands of dollars. For instance, Sallie Mae, a leading company in planning and lending for college, has recently lowered interest rates, eliminated disbursement fees, developed a new payment option to help more students save money over the life of their private student loan, and introduced other new enhancements, says Patricia Nash Christel, a spokeswoman for Reston, Va.-based Sallie Mae Inc. In June, Sallie Mae announced a new $25 per month fixed payment plan. "For the price of two pizzas, or less than a dollar per day each month, college students can keep their student loan interest in check and ultimately save an estimated 30 percent in interest charges," Christel says. Typically, a customer using the in-school payment plan could retire his or her private student loan within 10 years after graduation rather than the standard 15-year term, Christel says. By paying some or all of the interest each month while still in school, student borrowers can save 30 percent to 50 percent in interest costs and complete payments much sooner. Sallie Mae isn't the only company offering attractive private student loans. For example, Discover Student Loans recently reduced the lowest eligible interest rate on its Certified Private Loans program, and as an extra benefit, the company gives students a 2 percent graduation reward. Future Outlook As the credit crisis eases, Walker believes more lenders will return to the private student loan space with attractive offerings. "Banks have always liked the student loan category because it offers a chance to establish a relationship with a young, upwardly mobile consumer who will need deposit accounts, investment advice, auto loans, mortgages and other products in the years ahead," he says. "With federal loans, and to some extent credit cards, being no longer available as offerings for these consumers, private student loans have become a valuable way to land a customer for a lifelong relationship." Posted October 15, 2010 Last year, more than two-thirds of federal student loans were distributed by private financial institutions, says Kevin Walker, co-founder and CEO of Boston-based SimpleTuition Inc., which provides college loan comparisons and college financial advice. It's not the case anymore. Thanks to the recently passed Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, the U.S. Department of Education has offered all new federal students loans since July 1, 2010. Private financial institutions no longer offer any federally backed student loans, but they are certainly offering their own private student loans. To compete with the federal government loans, these private student loans are becoming more attractive than ever. "Under (the new) process known as direct lending, students apply for federal loans directly from the government," says P.K. Parekh, director and general manager of Discover Student Loans, the student lending arm of Discover Bank in Salt Lake City. "While this change was not a surprise to us, it is a significant adjustment for schools and students, and we are supporting them as they make the transition." Reversing private companies' retreat As the credit crisis took hold over the past couple of years and more banks and private lenders understood that private involvement in federal student loans would come to an end, a number of private financial institutions exited the marketplace, Walker says. However, now many lenders are back in the game and offering private student loans that are worth a look. "The trend has reversed with a handful of new and returning lenders offering private student loans for the 2011 academic year, bringing the total number of nationally available lenders to the low teens," Walker says. "In addition, there are a number of credit union, small bank and state-based loan programs available." Private student loans with benefits Not only are private student loans available, but lenders are beginning to bring back "borrower benefits" -- the incentives offered to borrowers to distinguish one loan from another, Walker says. Some of these benefits include interest rate reductions for auto-debit of payments or a certain number of on-time payments. Some companies also reduce the debt as a reward for graduation while others save students money by allowing them to make small interest payments while still in school. In addition to offering borrower benefits, private student loan providers are starting to offer more flexibility and customization in repayment and terms, Walker says. "For example, look for lenders to offer a choice of fixed or variable rates and possibly different terms when a student elects to make in-school payments of interest or principal," he says. According to a recent survey conducted by SimpleTuition, students and parents can expect some of the following deals from private lenders: Lower rates among the top five lenders, including a drop of as much as 2 percentage points at one of the largest lenders. Seven lenders not charging origination fees. The return of -- and increases in -- borrower benefits, including discounts for automated payments. Shorter repayment term options, which can potentially save students thousands of dollars. For instance, Sallie Mae, a leading company in planning and lending for college, has recently lowered interest rates, eliminated disbursement fees, developed a new payment option to help more students save money over the life of their private student loan, and introduced other new enhancements, says Patricia Nash Christel, a spokeswoman for Reston, Va.-based Sallie Mae Inc. In June, Sallie Mae announced a new $25 per month fixed payment plan. "For the price of two pizzas, or less than a dollar per day each month, college students can keep their student loan interest in check and ultimately save an estimated 30 percent in interest charges," Christel says. Typically, a customer using the in-school payment plan could retire his or her private student loan within 10 years after graduation rather than the standard 15-year term, Christel says. By paying some or all of the interest each month while still in school, student borrowers can save 30 percent to 50 percent in interest costs and complete payments much sooner. Sallie Mae isn't the only company offering attractive private student loans. For example, Discover Student Loans recently reduced the lowest eligible interest rate on its Certified Private Loans program, and as an extra benefit, the company gives students a 2 percent graduation reward. Future Outlook As the credit crisis eases, Walker believes more lenders will return to the private student loan space with attractive offerings. "Banks have always liked the student loan category because it offers a chance to establish a relationship with a young, upwardly mobile consumer who will need deposit accounts, investment advice, auto loans, mortgages and other products in the years ahead," he says. "With federal loans, and to some extent credit cards, being no longer available as offerings for these consumers, private student loans have become a valuable way to land a customer for a lifelong relationship." Posted October 15, 2010